Inflammatory and immune-mediated responses Some ototoxic drugs, such as aminoglycosides, trigger an inflammatory cascade within the cochlea, activating pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-)
For instance, a review on the neurobiology of ALCAR, carried out by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), stated that ALCAR slows the progression of mental decline and has an effect on mitochondria metabolism thus showing promise as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases
When in doubt, starting fresh with new reconstitution or a new vial is safer than continuing with potentially degraded peptide
Zhang J, Ma L, Chang L, Pu Y, Qu Y, Hashimoto K